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ANATOMY OF FLOWERING PLANTS

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  What is Plant Anatomy? Plant anatomy is the study of internal structure and organization of tissues in plants. It helps in understanding: Functional adaptation Transport system Growth patterns Tissue Organization in Flowering Plants Flowering plants have three major tissue systems :  Epidermal Tissue System Components: Epidermis Single layer of compact cells No intercellular spaces Covered by cuticle (except roots) Cuticle Made of cutin Prevents water loss Stomata Present mainly on leaves Composed of guard cells Regulate: Gas exchange Transpiration Root hairs Extensions of epidermal cells Increase surface area for absorption Trichomes (in stem) Hair-like structures Protection + reduce transpiration  Functions: Protection Water conservation Gas exchange 🌿 B. Ground Tissue System  Types of Ground Tissue: 1. Parenchyma Living cells, thin cell wall Large vacuole Functions: Storage Photosynthesis ( chlorenchyma ) Air storage ( aerenchyma ) 2. Collenchyma Living cell...

LIFE PROCESSES

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 1. Fill in the blanks and explain the statements. a. After complete oxidation of a glucose molecules, ---- --- --- number of ATP molecules are formed. b. At the end of glycolysis, ---- --- -- molecules are obtained. c. Genetic recombination occurs in ---- -- phase of prophase of meiosis-I. d. All chromosomes are arranged parallel to equatorial plane of cell in-- -- -- phase of mitosis. e. For formation of plasma membrane,--- --- --- molecules are necessary. f. Our muscle cells perform -- -- -- type of respiration during exercise. ANS:  a. After complete oxidation of a glucose molecule, 36-38 ATP molecules are formed. b. At the end of glycolysis, 2 molecules of pyruvate, 2 molecules of ATP, and 2 molecules of NADH are obtained. c. Genetic recombination occurs in the pachytene phase of prophase of meiosis-I. d. All chromosomes are arranged parallel to the equatorial plane of the cell in the metaphase phase of mitosis. e. For the formation of the plasma membrane, phospholipid ...

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN FLOWERING PLANTS REVISION NOTES

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 FLOWER – A FASCINATING ORGAN OF ANGIOSPERMS Flowers have been used for aesthetic, ornamental, social, religious, and cultural purposes. Five ornamental flowers commonly cultivated in homes and in gardens are rose, sunflower, tulip, daisy, and lavender. Five flowers used in social and cultural celebrations can vary but examples include marigold, chrysanthemum, lily, lotus, and peony. Floriculture refers to the cultivation of flowers for ornamental and decorative purposes. The two parts in a flower in which the two most important units of sexual reproduction develop are the stamen and pistil. 1.2 PRE-FERTILISATION: STRUCTURES AND EVENTS Several hormonal and structural changes occur in a plant before it starts to flower. These changes lead to the differentiation and development of the floral primordium. Inflorescences are formed which bear the floral buds and then the flowers. The male and female reproductive structures, the androecium and the gynoecium differentiate and develop in t...

Top Last-Minute Tips to Boost Your Performance Math Exam

Are you feeling anxious about your upcoming class 10 math exam? Don't worry, you're not alone! Math exams can be challenging, but with the right preparation and mindset, you can boost your performance and achieve success. In this blog post, we'll discuss the top last-minute tips to help you prepare for your class 10 math exam the day before. Whether you're looking to revise key formulas and concepts, manage your time more effectively, or stay calm and confident during the exam, we've got you covered. So, let's dive in and explore some useful strategies to help you ace your class 10 math exam tomorrow! Revise Important Formulas and Concepts One of the most crucial steps to prepare for a maths exam is to revise important formulas and concepts thoroughly. Here are some tips to help you revise effectively: Make a List of Key Formulas: Create a list of the essential formulas and concepts that you need to know for the exam. This will help you to prioritize your revis...

SAMPLE PAPER BIOLOGY 2023

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SECTION - A 1. An infertile couple was advised to undergo In vitro fertilization by the doctor. Out of the options given below, select the correct stage for transfer to the fallopian tube for successful results? (a) Zygote only (b) Zygote or early embryo upto 8 blastomeres (c) Embryos with more than 8 blastomeres (d) Blastocyst Stage EXPLANATION:(b) Zygote or early embryo upto 8 blastomeres 2. Given below are four contraceptive methods and their modes of action. Select the  correct match: (a) a)–(i) b)–(ii) c)– (iii) d)–(iv) (b) a)–(ii) b)–(iii) c)–(iii) d) – (i) (c) a)–(iii) b)–(iv) c)–(ii) d)–(i) (d) a)–(iv) b)–(i) c)– (iii) d)–(ii) EXPLAINATION: (c) a) - iii, b) - iv, c) - ii, d) - i 3 Which of the following amino acid residues will constitute the histone core? (a) Lysine and Arginine  (b) Asparagine and Arginine (c) Glutamine and Lysine  (d) Asparagine and Glutamine EXPLANATION:(a) Lysine and Arginine 4 Evolutionary convergence is development of a (a) common set of fu...

biotechnology class 12 2023

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1.Male sterility is widely used in crops such as maize, sunflower for hybrid production. Male sterile plants are created by introducing a gene encoding- (a) Barnase protein (b) TA29 (c) Barstar protein (d) Coat protein EXPLANATION: (a) Barnase gene was first introduced to produce male sterility in 1990. it is effective fertility restoration system in barstar. it is genetic and heritable. 2. Bodybuilders prefer to drink buffalo milk to build muscle mass. Determine the reason for this? (a) Easier to digest (b) Lower fat content (c) Higher calcium and phosphorus content (d) Balanced calorie source EXPLANATION: (c) buffalo milk has high-fat content, higher calcium and phosphorus content 3. An industrially important secondary metabolite which is used as a red pigment in lipsticks and dye for silk is obtained from- (a) Datura stramonium (b) Lithospermum erythrorhizon (c) Digitalis lanata (d) Coptis japonica EXPLANATION: (b) Lithospermum erythrorhizon commonly known as purple groomwell, red ...