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ANATOMY OF FLOWERING PLANTS

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  What is Plant Anatomy? Plant anatomy is the study of internal structure and organization of tissues in plants. It helps in understanding: Functional adaptation Transport system Growth patterns Tissue Organization in Flowering Plants Flowering plants have three major tissue systems :  Epidermal Tissue System Components: Epidermis Single layer of compact cells No intercellular spaces Covered by cuticle (except roots) Cuticle Made of cutin Prevents water loss Stomata Present mainly on leaves Composed of guard cells Regulate: Gas exchange Transpiration Root hairs Extensions of epidermal cells Increase surface area for absorption Trichomes (in stem) Hair-like structures Protection + reduce transpiration  Functions: Protection Water conservation Gas exchange 🌿 B. Ground Tissue System  Types of Ground Tissue: 1. Parenchyma Living cells, thin cell wall Large vacuole Functions: Storage Photosynthesis ( chlorenchyma ) Air storage ( aerenchyma ) 2. Collenchyma Living cell...
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Molecular Basis of Inheritance EXERCISE QUESTIONS

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Q. 1 Multiple-Choice Questions  1. Griffith worked on ............. a. Bacteriophage  b. Drosophila   c. Frog eggs  d. Streptococci ANS: d. Streptococci Frederick Griffith was a British bacteriologist who worked on the bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae, which causes pneumonia. In his famous experiment, he discovered the phenomenon of bacterial transformation, where genetic material could be transferred from one strain of bacteria to another. 2. The molecular knives of DNA are …………..  a. Ligases  b. Polymerases   c. Endonucleases  d. Transcriptase ANS:  c. Endonucleases Endonucleases are enzymes that cleave the phosphodiester bonds within a DNA molecule. They are often referred to as molecular knives because they can cut DNA at specific locations, allowing researchers to manipulate DNA sequences. 3. Translation occurs in the ...............  a. Nucleus  b. Cytoplasm  c. Nucleolus  d. Lysosomes ANS: b. Cytoplasm Tr...
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