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ANATOMY OF FLOWERING PLANTS

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  What is Plant Anatomy? Plant anatomy is the study of internal structure and organization of tissues in plants. It helps in understanding: Functional adaptation Transport system Growth patterns Tissue Organization in Flowering Plants Flowering plants have three major tissue systems :  Epidermal Tissue System Components: Epidermis Single layer of compact cells No intercellular spaces Covered by cuticle (except roots) Cuticle Made of cutin Prevents water loss Stomata Present mainly on leaves Composed of guard cells Regulate: Gas exchange Transpiration Root hairs Extensions of epidermal cells Increase surface area for absorption Trichomes (in stem) Hair-like structures Protection + reduce transpiration  Functions: Protection Water conservation Gas exchange 🌿 B. Ground Tissue System  Types of Ground Tissue: 1. Parenchyma Living cells, thin cell wall Large vacuole Functions: Storage Photosynthesis ( chlorenchyma ) Air storage ( aerenchyma ) 2. Collenchyma Living cell...

TISSUES

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 All living organisms are made up of cells. Unicellular organisms consist of a single cell that performs all basic functions. In multicellular organisms, there are millions of specialized cells. Specialized cells in multicellular organisms carry out specific functions efficiently. Different groups of cells are responsible for different specialized functions. Muscle cells in humans contract and relax for movement, nerve cells carry messages, and blood transports oxygen, food, hormones, and waste materials. In plants, vascular tissues conduct food and water throughout the plant. Multi-cellular organisms exhibit division of labor, where specific functions are carried out by clusters of cells in a definite place in the body. These clusters of cells are called tissues. Tissues are arranged and designed to maximize efficiency in performing their functions. Examples of tissues include blood, phloem, and muscle. A tissue is formed by a group of cells that are similar in structure and/or wo...