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ANATOMY OF FLOWERING PLANTS

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  What is Plant Anatomy? Plant anatomy is the study of internal structure and organization of tissues in plants. It helps in understanding: Functional adaptation Transport system Growth patterns Tissue Organization in Flowering Plants Flowering plants have three major tissue systems :  Epidermal Tissue System Components: Epidermis Single layer of compact cells No intercellular spaces Covered by cuticle (except roots) Cuticle Made of cutin Prevents water loss Stomata Present mainly on leaves Composed of guard cells Regulate: Gas exchange Transpiration Root hairs Extensions of epidermal cells Increase surface area for absorption Trichomes (in stem) Hair-like structures Protection + reduce transpiration  Functions: Protection Water conservation Gas exchange 🌿 B. Ground Tissue System  Types of Ground Tissue: 1. Parenchyma Living cells, thin cell wall Large vacuole Functions: Storage Photosynthesis ( chlorenchyma ) Air storage ( aerenchyma ) 2. Collenchyma Living cell...
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STRUCTURE OF PROTEIN

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 WHAT ARE PROTEINS? a simple sequence of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds PEPTIDE BONDS amide bonds that link alpha amino acids from C1 of one amino acid to N of another along the protein chain. each amino acid linked with another by condensation reaction gives polypeptide directionality which means both the ends are different one amino acid has a free amino terminal (N-ter) while the other has a free carboxyl group (C-ter) depending on these bondings proteins attain different conformations 1. primary structure:  a simple sequence of an amino acid (polymer of amino acid) linked together by a peptide bond. it can attain  linear form: both N-terminal and C-terminal free. number of peptide bonds formed= a number of amino acids  circular form : N-ter and C-ter will not be free number of peptide bonds formed= number of amino acids-1 2. secondary structure it refers to local folded structures that form within a polypeptide due to interactions between the atoms...
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