psychologicalblogspot

 GENERAL INTRODUCTION The application of ultrasound in obstetrics and gynecology was first described in Europe in 1958 by Donald et al and in America in 1964 by Taylor et al. Ultrasound has rapidly replaced X-ray studies in the field of obstetrics and gynecology due to its safety, noninvasiveness, and effectiveness in scanning the abdominal and pelvic regions. Ultrasound is considered an ideal scanning procedure for obstetrics and gynecology due to its atraumatic nature and noninvasive approach. The ultrasound examination is typically performed with the patient in the supine position. A coupling agent, such as mineral oil, is applied to the skin to facilitate the transmission of sound waves. Reference points like the umbilicus or the symphysis pubis are used during the examination. In obstetric studies, the transrectal plane and puboxiphoid line are often used as reference points, especially in cases of progressing conception and increasing fetal size. Transverse, longitudinal, and...