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ANATOMY OF FLOWERING PLANTS

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  What is Plant Anatomy? Plant anatomy is the study of internal structure and organization of tissues in plants. It helps in understanding: Functional adaptation Transport system Growth patterns Tissue Organization in Flowering Plants Flowering plants have three major tissue systems :  Epidermal Tissue System Components: Epidermis Single layer of compact cells No intercellular spaces Covered by cuticle (except roots) Cuticle Made of cutin Prevents water loss Stomata Present mainly on leaves Composed of guard cells Regulate: Gas exchange Transpiration Root hairs Extensions of epidermal cells Increase surface area for absorption Trichomes (in stem) Hair-like structures Protection + reduce transpiration  Functions: Protection Water conservation Gas exchange 🌿 B. Ground Tissue System  Types of Ground Tissue: 1. Parenchyma Living cells, thin cell wall Large vacuole Functions: Storage Photosynthesis ( chlorenchyma ) Air storage ( aerenchyma ) 2. Collenchyma Living cell...
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To perform and observe the action of heat on crystals of ferrous sulphate and classify the reaction.

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 AIM: To perform and observe the action of heat on ferrous sulfate crystals and classify the reaction.

Materials Needed

Ferrous sulfate crystals (FeSO₄·7H₂O), Bunsen burner, Test tube, Test tube holder, Safety goggles, Heat-resistant mat or stand.

THEORY

Ferrous sulfate (FeSO₄·7H₂O) is a blue-green crystalline compound. When heated, it undergoes dehydration and decomposition.

The action of Heat on Ferrous Sulfate

  1. Dehydration:

    • Reaction: FeSO4.7H2O(s)   →(heat)   FeSO4(s) + 7H2O
    • Observation: The green crystals lose water and turn white.
    • Type of Change: Physical change (loss of water).

  2. Decomposition:

    • Reaction:
    • Observation: The white powder turns brown, releasing sulfur dioxide (SO₂) and sulfur trioxide (SO₃) gases.
    • Type of Change: Chemical change (formation of new substances).
PROCEDURE
Step 1: About 5 g ferrous sulphate crystals in a dry boiling tube is taken.
Step 2: The colour of the ferrous sulphate crystals is noted.
Step 3: The boiling tube is heated.
Step 4: The colour of the crystals after heating is observed.
Step 5: A gas is evolved which is smelled.
Step 6: A wet blue litmus paper is brought near the mouth of the boiling tube.

Observations

  • Color Change: The green crystals turn white as they lose water, and then turn brownish upon further heating.
  • Decomposition: A gas with a characteristic pungent odor (SO₂) is released during the decomposition.
Inference
1.When heated, ferrous sulphate crystals are decomposed to produce Ferric oxide, sulphur dioxide and sulphur trioxide.
2. Such reactions are called decomposition reaction.

Precautions

  • Always wear safety goggles while performing the experiment.
  • Use a test tube holder to hold the test tube to avoid burns.
  • Conduct the experiment in a well-ventilated area or under a fume hood to avoid inhaling gases produced during decomposition.

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