HUMAN REPRODUCTION REVISION NOTES NCERT HIGHLIGHTS

The male reproductive system includes testes, male sex accessory ducts, accessory glands, and external genitalia.

Testes have 250 compartments called testicular lobules, each containing one to three seminiferous tubules.
Spermatogonia and Sertoli cells line the seminiferous tubules, and Leydig cells outside the tubules produce androgens.
The female reproductive system includes ovaries, oviducts, uterus, vagina, external genitalia, and mammary glands.
Ovaries produce the female gamete (ovum) and ovarian hormones, and oviducts, uterus, and vagina are female accessory ducts.
The menstrual cycle is the reproductive cycle of female primates, induced by changes in pituitary and ovarian hormones.
Oogenesis is the process of the formation of mature female gametes.
Spermatogenesis results in the formation of sperms, which are transported by male sex accessory ducts.
Fertilization occurs when the sperm fertilizes the ovum, leading to the formation of a diploid zygote.
The presence of an X or Y chromosome in the sperm determines the sex of the embryo.
The zygote undergoes repeated mitotic division to form a blastocyst, which is implanted in the uterus, resulting in pregnancy.
After nine months of pregnancy, the fully developed fetus is ready for delivery.
The process of childbirth is called parturition, induced by a complex neuroendocrine mechanism involving cortisol, estrogens, and oxytocin.
Mammary glands differentiate during pregnancy and secrete milk after childbirth, which is fed to the newborn baby (lactation) during the initial few months of growth.